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A novel hybrid AI-driven optimization architecture is proposed to advance climbing perch cultivation in intelligent aquaculture environments, aiming for simultaneous gains in yield and cost performance. By merging Taguchi experimental design with reinforcement learning and metaheuristic strategies, the system pinpoints the key environmental and operational drivers of fish growth and economic return. A multi-objective regression technique is deployed to fine-tune crucial variables, namely water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, feeding regimes, and stocking density. The RL-AMIS approach, leveraging Pareto front evaluation and TOPSIS, effectively reconciles the tension between expenditure and output. Empirical outcomes document a 15.3% drop in operating expenses and a 17.8% boost in growth efficiency relative to traditional practice. These insights confirm that AI-based optimization can strengthen scalability and flexibility within aquaculture operations, thereby advancing sustainable production agendas.

Artificial intelligence is increasingly positioned as a transformative force for climate-smart agriculture, promising simultaneous gains in productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. Across agricultural policy, innovation systems, and digital farming markets, AI is presented as a solution to climate uncertainty, resource scarcity, labour pressures, and food-security demands. This review examines that promise through a critical lens. The dominant narrative surrounding AI-enabled climate-smart agriculture often treats optimization as a neutral technical process. Yet algorithmic systems do not merely improve farming decisions; they also define what counts as efficiency, which outcomes are prioritised, and whose knowledge becomes authoritative. This raises important questions about power, agency, and sustainability. The objective of this critical review is to interrogate the politics of AI in climate-smart agriculture. It synthesises evidence on the tensions between productivity, efficiency, sustainability, farmer agency, data sovereignty, and governance. The review asks how algorithmic optimization reshapes agricultural futures and who benefits from this transformation. The review draws on  peer-reviewed articles published across agricultural innovation, sustainability science, digital agriculture, artificial intelligence, and critical data studies. Rather than reporting new empirical data, it develops a critical synthesis of existing debates and identifies conceptual gaps in current scholarship. The review finds that algorithmic farming is not simply a technical evolution of precision agriculture. It is a contested political terrain in which sustainability goals, commercial interests, data infrastructures, and farmer autonomy are negotiated. A critical research agenda is needed to ensure that AI contributes to equitable, democratic, and ecologically resilient agricultural futures.